Submitted by: Srijana Shrestha                                  Submitted date: 21^st April 2023

ADDIE model of Instructional Design:

There are different tools to be acknowledged before the beginning of any task. Likewise in other field, in teaching learning before commencing any text or topic, ADDIE model is very much popular amongst the educationist. There are different five steps in teaching learning. ADDIE is an acronym that stands for analyze, design, develop, implement and finally evaluate. First, an analysis of needs and objectives are put together. Second is the design phase, where session structure, resources and learning objectives are identified. Third is the development phase, when content is produced and completed. Fourth is the implementation phase, training content is prepared and delivered.

ADDIE model can be categorized into 5 parts.

Analysis

Analysis is the very stage of instructional design. The key concepts of analysis are identifying needs, learning objectives, content selected, delivery method and resources. As well as it is the process of information gathering and identify the training needs or not? Analysis scrutinizes upon what is already there and what is still missing? What the students are supposed to be exceled at? What are the resources, means, tools, environment, supporting elements, strengths, weaknesses, time periphery, affected group, and the underlying effect after the completion of the course is primarily supposed or delineated. For example, curriculum development center has conceptualized the concept of indigenous subject in specific local community. In the analysis part what type of students are there? Do they lineate with the local culture? What materials are to be managed? How many student5s are there? In which time bound the course to be replicated? What may be the techniques, and assessment methods, and what is being taught for a long time and what new thing is to be innovated come under analysis.

Design

Design is another vital component of ADDIE. Design focus on the content sequenced, storyboards, drafts, deliver, communication. But we mostly follow ethics. Strategies are documented, reviewed and signed off by stakeholders. For the general outline, design comes to be an important aspect. This stage determines all goals, tools to be used to gauge performance, various tests, subject matter analysis, planning and resources. Learning objectives, content, subject matter analysis, exercise, lesson planning, assessment instruments used and media selection are the important tools in design. In this stage planning to assessment lies. The media tools, teaching approach, examination approach, exercise, discussion, number of exercises, time frame come under the design stage. For example, if any school in Kathmandu valley is trying to teach Nepal Bhasa, then what may be the easiest syllabus, how many chapters are to be includes?  What teaching techniques are to be adhered, with the allotment of time for exercises are to be taken into consideration? In addition to that, in exercise letting students to write about Newari community nearby their residence, the culture and residues around them the goal can be turned into reality on specific format or design.

Development

It is the third stage of ADDIE model. Development focus to create digital and other homemade materials, videos, as well as technology-based materials and models. If it needs to clarify it should be edited. Review the project documents, give the feedback to the designers and training piloted are other important things to development. In this stage everything is processed, unnecessary things are eliminated and the necessary things are encapsulated. In this stage the change is measured. Comparison is made is the materials used as per necessity? Has the pre settled program been replicated and likely to invite the outcome? For example, if there is presidential visit in Pashupati temple on the occasion of Mahashivaratri, then the security plan is to be developed by the security forces, they should be cared about the going route, remaining time over there, alternative route, by which vehicle to be taken there etc. are to be given the significance. It is the authentic stage and there is no change in materials, time once it is being developed or outcomes accessed.

Implementation

Implementation carries how to accessed materials and delivered things. Planning solely cannot bring the result, for that efficient implementation is necessary in order to have the productivity. For example, if someone is planning to take part in officer's exam for 2080 intake, he or she made plan, collected materials, allotted the time, designed the schedule but without concrete implementation of that planning and developed schedule the aim cannot be accomplished.

Evaluation

Evaluation is the last stage of ADDIE model. It judges upon the set-up objective and the objective attained. It facilitates the feedback and guidelines for readjustment, improvement and change in different variables for the eminent productivity. There are two types of evaluation; formative and summative. Formative evaluation focus on recognizes barriers, respond to challenges, improve mistakes. Summative evaluation focus on the process of design, development, implementation, analysis and evaluation. It is two-way method of materials design as well as process. For example, there were altogether 100 students in one of the schools situated at Kathmandu valley, there was taught the Nepal Bhasa, students were taken into sufficient practices, been visited to museums, encouraged to communicate in Newar language. At the end of academic session, the students were taken into practical examination, some of them spoke fluently, some of them stammered, and evaluation provided future guidelines that some of the students should be more practiced and encouraged, needs the extra classes; it is possible because of evaluation.

In overall ADDIE model in schools and any sector is very much vital for gaining the aim accomplished according to the set standard. In the presence of ADDIE model, one goes stepwise truly embarks on all the aspects that pays attention from planning to resources, methods and guidelines and finally to the result. It is proved to be fruitful in schools for instructional design.

Reference

DeBell, A. (2020). What is the ADDIE Model of Instructional Design? Water Bear Learning. https://waterbearlearning.com › addie-model-instructio..

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