Dick and Carey's Model of Instructional Design

 

Course: Instructional Design and Material Development      Assignment: Dick and Carey Systems Approach       Submitted by: Srijana Shrestha                               Submitted to: Dr. Karna Rana Submitted Date: 27th April 2023

 

Instructional Design Using the Dick and Carey Systems Approach by Rigo Chaparro, Margaret Reaves, Carla B. Jagger, and J. C. Bunch

Dick and Carey model of instructional design is known as the system approach model. It provides a cohesive and effective tool in developing an organized unit of instruction. It is based on educationist model of breaking instructions in to smaller components. Instructional design is very much important because it accesses over the resources and technique applied and its objectives, either goals are fulfilled or not? It is the simplest method in instructional design. Unlike traditional model it carries out the objective in 9 stage and 3 phase they are given below:

First phase: Analysis

Stage 1- Identifying Instructional Goals

It is the first stage of Corey's model. Before doing something, first of all target group is taken into consideration.  Goal setting is specific task, while designing the curriculum. Age, sex, caste, demography, possible outcome, techniques and methods, procedures all come under instructional goals identification. Finding the gap between what is now and what is desired provides the aim for designing instructional goals. Those gaps facilitate the forums for development. For example, curriculum development center of Nepal is trying to launch Nepal Bhasa in Kathmandu valley, and then in stage first the target group population should be taken into consideration. Most of all, teaching Nepal Bhasa is to make student intact with Newari culture, do they become familiarized with the Newari language, script and culture? It should be taken into consideration.

Stage 2- Conducting Instructional Analysis

The set-up goal should be linked up with different domains. Which aspect is likely to be affected by the set-up goal? What part and portion are truly affected, which domain gets directly benefitted? Psychomotor (physical), cognitive or attitude domain is to be fixed.

Stage 3- Analyzing Learners and Context

It is the third stage of Corey's model. It analyzes about the concerned parameters of target population while replicating the instructional goals. The population varies and its learning tendency also varies with respect to different society. Academic motivation, group characteristics, preferences, skills, prior knowledge is some of the variables that affect the learning. For example, if Newar community of Kathmandu is primarily inhibited in Kathmandu valley, the Nepal Bhasa learning could be easier to teach and if they have immigrated from somewhere else, then there may be difficulty in language homogeneity and script too.

Second phase: Design

Stage 4- Writing Performance Objectives

Similarly, the fourth stage is writing performance objective. What will be the students able to do by the end of the instruction? What core values do they acquire? On the basis of criteria, behavior and conditions, what students shall be able to perform after being instructed? Is the objective attained? It is written in stage 4.

Stage 5- Developing Assessment Instruments

In 5^th stage of Corey's model, the assessment is evaluated. In which base students are to be accessed? There are multiple options for assessment, asking long question, multiple choice type question, drawing, essay writing, critically analyze or whatever, it carries out the students' best result.

Stage 6- Developing an Instructional Strategy

Instructional strategy means how the students are instructed by using which teaching technique. Group discussion, peer coach, reading, writing, lecture, computer simulations, demonstration, presentations are some kinds of teaching technique. Amongst these tools the best one is selected so as to bring excellence result and sustainable understanding on students.

Third phase: Development

Stage 7- Developing and Selecting Instructional Materials

It is the seventh stage of instructional design. While assimilating the design, the instructional materials are to be taken into consideration. Books, journal, summery of text, article, internet search engines, pen, paper, duster, computer, display board, projector etc. are some of the instructional materials. By the assistance of these materials, the teaching learning is conducted. These are the supporting utensils.

Stage 8-Designing and Conducting Formative Evaluation

Formative evaluation is done at the very time of interaction with the students. The records are maintained of interview ongoing, areas of improvements to be done; good aspect, weakest part etc. are recorded for the guidelines. Students are peering observed evaluated.

Stage 9-Designing and Conducting Summative Evaluation

It is the final evaluation done by teacher. After the instruction the students are evaluated either the teaching objective is fulfilled or not? There is slight difference between formative and summative evaluation. Formation evaluation seeks for the improvements needed during instruction, whereas summative evaluation evaluates the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat after the complication of instruction.

For example, if a secondary school located at Basantapur Kathmandu is launching the Nepal Bhasa in its curriculum. The instructions went on well taking assistance of different materials, methods, analyzing every parameter of concern, the aspect to be affected mostly like cognitive development, psychomotor development, reasoning etc. each and all areas of concern are to be minutely observed so as to bring the excellent understanding and effective objective accomplishment after the instruction. The school has to analyze the community, local population either there are local Newa people or not, do they carry out specific costume or rituals? What are the teaching methods and techniques can be adhered? Like teaching of Ranjjana script, exposition to Newari Jatras, ceremonies, assimilation of ICT tools, YouTube videos, visit to local museums and the formative analysis of how much time to be taught daily? What activities of assessment to be carried out and at last, summative evaluation by taking quiz, questionnaire, argument, presentation etc. carries out altogether 9 stages of instructional design.

In overall, instructional design is a full fledge instruction or teaching model which acknowledges different WH questions, who, what, where, how, by whom, when etc. are being generalized in order to accomplish the instructional goal.

Reference

Chaparro, R., Reaves, M., Jagger, C. B., Bunch, J. C. (2018). Instructional Design Using the Dick and Carey Systems Approach. IFAS Extension University of Florida. doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc294-2018